国外汽车及电动汽车电子产品电磁兼容标准比较研究
随着汽车日益电子化以及混和动力及纯电动汽车的出现，车辆电子的电磁兼容问题日益突出，国外汽车及电动汽车电子产品电磁兼容标准出现更新换版，并出现了一些零部件的专用EMC标准，呈现出一些新的趋势和动态。本文着重比较国外汽车与电动汽车车载电子产品电磁兼容标准的差异和未来的一些发展趋势。 一、汽车、电动汽车电磁兼容国际法规与标准一览1.法规概况
发布机构法规标准应用
标准机构车辆整车车载电子零部件发布年限
95/54/EC欧盟委员会EC适用适用1995
95/56/EC不适用适用1995
97/24/EC适用适用1997
2000/2/EC适用适用2000
2002/24/EC适用适用2002
2003/77/EC适用适用2003
2004/104/EC适用适用2004
ISO 7637国际标准化组织ISO不适用适用1995-2004
ISO 10605适用适用2008
ISO 11451适用不适用2005-2007
ISO 11452不适用适用1997-2007
CISPR-12国际电工委员会I EC适用适用2007
CISPR-25适用适用2008
SAE J551美国机动工程师协会SAE适用不适用1995-2003
SAE J1113不适用适用1995-2002
2.国际标准概况
标准标准名标准部分发布年限整车零部件
ISO 11451Road vehicles — Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energyALL-适用不适用
Part 1: General and definitions (amendment 1:2008)12005
Part 2: Off-vehicle radiation sources22005
Part 3: On-board transmitter simulation 32007
Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI) 42006
ISO 11452Road vehicles — Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energyALL-不适用适用
Part 1: General and definitions (amendment 1:2008)12005
Part 2: Absorber-lined chamber (1995)22004
Part 3: Transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) cell32001
Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)42005
Part 5: Stripline52002
Part 6: Parallel plate antenna61997
Part 7: Direct radio frequency (RF) power injection72003
Part 7: Immunity to magnetic fields82007
3.欧洲标准概况
标准标准名标准部分发布年限整车零部件
95/54/ECEMC & Compliance JournalCommission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers (The old Automotive EMC Directive)11995适用适用
2004/104/ECCommission Directive 2004/104/EC of 14 October 2004 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers
(The Automotive EMC Directive)12004适用适用
2004/104/EC CorrigendaCorrigendum to Commission Directive 2004/104/EC of 14 October 2004 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers. (13th November 2005) 12004适用适用
2005/83/ECCommission Directive 2005/83/EC of 23 November 2005 amending, for the purposes of their adaptation to technical progress, Annexes I, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X to Council Directive 72/245/EEC relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) of vehicles (Updated references for 2004/104/EC) 12005适用适用
2006/28/ECCommission Directive 2006/28/EC of 6 March 2006 amending, for the purposes of their adaptation to technical progress, Council Directive 72/245/EEC of 20 June 1972 relating to the radio interference (electromagnetic compatibility) ofvehicles and Council Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers (Further updates to 2004/104/EC)12006适用适用
4.美国标准概况
标准标准名标准部分发布年限整车零部件
SAE J551Performance levels and methods of measurement of electromagnetic compatibility of vehicles, boats (up to 15m) and machines (50Hz to 18GHz)1Apr 02Y
适用不适用
Test limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of vehicles, motorboats and spark-ignited engine-driven devices2Mar 94
Test limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of vehicles and devices, broadband and narrowband, 150kHz to 1000MHz4May 00
Performance levels and methods of measurement of magnetic and electric field strength from electric vehicles, broadband, 9kHz to 30MHz5Dec 97
Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- off-vehicle source11Sep 00
Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- on-board transmitter simulation12Sep 96
Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- bulk current injection13Jun 03
Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- electrostatic discharge(ESD)15Jul 02
Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- power line magnetic fields17May 03
SAE J1113Electromagnetic compatibility measurement procedures and limits for vehicle components (except aircraft) (50Hz to 18GHz)1Apr 02不适用适用
Electromagnetic compatibility measurement procedures and limits for vehicle components (except aircraft) – conducted immunity, 30Hz to 250kHz- all leads2Sep 96
Conducted immunity, 250kHz to 500MHz, direct injection of radio frequency (RF) power3Nov 95
Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields - bulk current injection (BCI) method4Feb 98
Immunity to conducted transients on power leads11Mar 00
Electrical interference by conduction and coupling - coupling clamp12Oct 00
Immunity to electrostatic discharge13Aug 02
Immunity to electromagnetic fields, 10kHz to 18GHz, absorber-lined chamber21Jan 98
Immunity to radiated magnetic fields22Nov 03
Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields, 10kHz to 200MHz Crawford TEM cell and 10kHz to 5GHZ wideband TEM cell24May 00
Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields, 10kHz to 500MHz - tri-plate line method25Feb 99
Immunity to AC power line electric fields26Jul 01
Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields - reverberation method27Feb 95
Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of components and modules for the protection of receivers used on board vehicles41May 00
Conducted transient emissions42Sep 00
从上述汽车、电动汽车整车与零部件电磁兼容法规与标准的比较而言，标准的测试方法与要求逐渐在向国际标准趋同；综合起来考虑，汽车电子及电动汽车的标准主要有以下测试内容：一、汽车、电动汽车整车与零部件电磁兼容测试的基本内容：
测试类型测试方法
辐射发射RE (Radiated Emission)暗室法（Anechoic Chamber)CISPR 12
30M-1GHz@3m,10mCISPR 25
150k-2.5GHz@1m
传导发射CE (Conducted Emission)CISPR 25
150k-108MHz
传导瞬变发射CTE (Conducted Transient Emission)ISO 7637-2 幅度要求(Amplitude Limit)
辐射抗扰度RI (Radiated Immunity)TEM 小室法(TEM Cell)ISO 11452-3
1-400MHz
辐射抗扰度RI (Radiated Immunity)暗室法（Anechoic Chamber)ISO 11452-2 80MHz-18GHz@1m ≥25V/m
传导抗扰度CI (Conducted Emission)BCI法(Bulk Current Injection)ISO 11452-4
0.1-1000MHz@150mA
辐射抗扰度RI (Radiated Immunity)带状线法（Strip Line)ISO 11452-5 1-400MHz@200V/mA
静电放电ESD( Electrostatic Discharge)ISO 10605
±8kV/ ±25kV
传导瞬变抗扰度CTI (Conducted Transient Immunity)ISO7637-2/-3 1/2a/2b/3a/3b/4/5a/5b-112/150V
为针对更实际的车厂电磁兼容测试内容， 我们进一步比较有代表的美系、德系、日系车厂的主要测试内容如下：三、主流车厂电磁兼容测试内容比较
测试项目国际标准美系(福特)德系(大众)日系(日产)
辐射抗扰度RI带状线法ISO 11452-5----------TL 82166---------
传导抗扰度CI BCI法ISO 11452-4ES-XW7T-1A278-AC TL 8216628401NDS02
传导瞬变抗扰度CTI电源线ISO7637-21/2a/2b/3a/3b/4/5a/5bES-XW7T-1A278-ACTL 820664/4b/3a/3b/6/2/1/5b28401NDS02
传导瞬变抗扰度CTI信号线ISO7637-33a/3bES-XW7T-1A278-ACTL 823663a/3b/1/228401NDS02
静电放电ESD ISO 10605ES-XW7T-1A278-ACTL 8246628401NDS02
测试项目/标准美系(福特)德系(大众)日系(日产)
辐射发射RE150k-2.5GHz@1mRE 310150K-2GHz@1m同CISPR25同CISPR25等级较高
传导发射CE150k-108MHzCE 420同CISPR25100 kHz～108 MHz
传导瞬变发射CTE+100/-150vCE410与 1/2/3a/3b/4 比照+/- 200 V/μs、+/- 30 A/μs
辐射抗扰度RIALSE 25-100v/mRI114400-2000MHz100-70v/m80M-3GHz100v/m200MHz-2GHz60V/m-200V/m
辐射抗扰度RITEM法--------1-400MHz200v/m------------
辐射抗扰度RI带状线法----------1-400MHz@200V/m-----------
传导抗扰度CI BCI法0.1-1000MHz@150mA
RI 1121-400MHz@100mA同 ISO11452-4400-3000MHz@150mA,100mA60mA-200 mA
传导瞬变抗扰度CTI电源线CI 220与7637-2 波形有改变方向同7637-2波形,幅度有改变同7637-2波形,幅度有改变,特殊波形增加
传导瞬变抗扰度CTI信号线CI 220同7637-3波形同7637-3波形＋变种
静电放电ESD ±8kV/ ±25kVCI 280同ＩＳＯ１０６０５同ＩＳＯ１０６０５±４kV / ±１5kV
我们从上述车厂内容比较，可日看出：无论对于汽车、混合动力、纯电动汽车，汽车电子EMC标准的适用一越来越趋同，少部分车厂延续了过去独有的做法（日系、美系中一部分），但未来会逐渐一致······
回复 4# 桃花岛主
岛主，这个地址找不到啊
好帖
岛主能把这个文档传我吗？
dengyong5202000@yahoo.com.cn http://www.bokee.net/company/weblog_viewEntry/4387610.html :'(，我试了下真没了。。。 4年前岛主就总结的这么到位了，:handshake 非常感谢。
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